Frequently Asked Questions About Hormonal Therapy

Many people who are diagnosed with cancer will be recommended hormonal therapy (also known as endocrine therapy) as part of their treatment. 

Hormones play a role in certain cancers and can contribute to their growth. Hormonal therapy works by blocking or lowering the levels of those hormones in the body. 

If you or a family member has been recommended hormonal therapy, we share some of the most common questions here. If you have any further questions or would like to speak with one of our team, please don't hesitate to contact us. 

What is hormonal therapy?

Hormonal therapy is a type of cancer treatment that target specific hormones. Some cancers, like breast and prostate cancer, need hormones like estrogen and testosterone to grow. Hormonal therapy can slow or completely stop the development of these cancers. Hormonal therapy has other applications also, such as the treatment of menopause symptoms.

How is hormonal therapy for cancer treatment administered?

Hormonal therapy can be delivered in a few different ways: 

• Tablets or capsules that are taken daily and at home

• Injections given at regular intervals

• Surgery (in a few cases, such as removing hormone-producing glands)

The type of therapy depends on the specific cancer and personal treatment plan. Every person is unique and your oncologist will work with you to develop the most suitable treatment plan. 

Which cancers can be treated with hormonal therapy?

Hormonal therapy treats hormones in the body, so any cancers that are related to hormones could be treated with hormonal therapy. The most common ones are:

• Breast cancer (especially hormone receptor-positive cancers)

• Prostate cancer

Occasionally, other cancers can be influenced by hormones. In these cases, hormone therapy can be used. Your oncologist will help decide whether your cancer is hormone sensitive and whether hormonal therapy will be a part of your treatment plan. 

What are some common side effects of hormonal therapy, and how do you manage them?

Some common side effects include:

• Hot flushes and night sweats: wearing light clothing and using a fan, and limiting caffeine and alcohol intake can help with this.

• Fatigue: resting when you need to, and also eating a balanced diet and keeping active when you can. 

• Mood swings: staying active, counselling and support groups and mindfulness practices can help.

• Bone health: regular weighted exercise like strength training, and calcium and vitamin-D rich foods can help.

• Sexual health: you may experience issues that can be improved through open conversations with your partner. Support from a specialist can also make a big difference.

How long will I need hormonal therapy?

The length of the course of hormonal therapy will depend on the type of cancer and the treatment goals. For some patients, it may take a few years, while others will continue the treatment for 5 to 10 years or longer. Your oncologist will give you guidance on the best timeline for you. Everyone’s treatment at Harbour Cancer and Wellness is unique and your oncologist will design a treatment plan specifically for you.

Can hormonal therapy be combined with other treatments?

Many cancer treatments are combined with others for optimal effectiveness. Hormonal therapy is very often used alongside other treatments such as radiation, chemotherapy, surgery, or other targeted therapies. Again, the combination will depend on the type of cancer and the overall treatment plan prescribed by your oncologist.

How effective is hormonal therapy, and what follow-up care should I expect?

Hormonal therapy can be highly effective for certain cancers, such as hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and prostate cancer. The effectiveness can also be dependent on the cancer stage, the treatment adherence, and the combination with other treatments.

Follow-up care might include regular check-ups with your oncologist to monitor your progress. You may do blood tests and scans, bone density monitoring, and you can also receive support such as seeing a dietitian, physiotherapist, or counselor. Because hormonal therapy is a long-term treatment, follow-ups ensure you are supported all the way through your treatment. 

Final thoughts and family support

Hormonal therapy has been a trusted, effective cancer treatment for decades and has helped countless patients manage their cancer. While the idea of being on a treatment for 5-10 years is daunting, knowing what to expect can make the treatment easier. 

If you or a loved one is looking at the beginning of hormonal treatment, chat with our team about any questions you may have. Understanding the process is the first step in feeling prepared.